Mostly in this world people think that the war is not the batter solution for any kind of dispute, violence and misunderstanding. The Soviet Union remained indifferent with the conflict in Vietnam in early 1960s under Nikita Khrushchev even after the Gulf of Tonkin incident. South Vietnam was backed by anti-communist countries and members of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) which included the United States, South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic (later overthrown by Khmer Rouge), Kingdom of Laos and Republic of China (Taiwan). What could have been the solutions for both North and South Vietnam? If we take a look on the history of this word when the war is being started, there were number of causes from which the brutality and the economic disasters were major causes that were going through the countries to countries. The escalation of US involvement in Vietnam increased Soviet interest. Ho led the North, whereas the U.S.-backed Ngo Dinh Diem took charge of the South. The Vietnam War was described as a civil war within South Vietnam, although it became a proxy war between Cold War powers. ... Up Next. Yet the Vietnamese didn’t do all the fighting. Automatically reference everything correctly with CiteThisForMe. Here, retired Colonel William C Haponski, co-author of ‘Autopsy of an Unwinnable War: Vietnam’, explains that the British were in fact one of five main players in early post-World War 2 Vietnam. The North was supported by communist countries such as the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. The situation changed dramatically when the Chinese communist won the civil in mainland china in October 1949 and fostered the communist movement further to Asia. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Financial aid, along with a desire to curry favor with the United States, drew in additional countries as well. Contents. Save your work forever, build multiple bibliographies, run plagiarism checks, and much more. The main countries involved in the Vietnam War were North and South Vietnam. South Korea was the main U.S. and South Vietnamese partner, contributing more than 300,000 troops to the war. For the most part, the Chinese stayed in the background, rebuilding areas destroyed by U.S. bombs and manning anti-aircraft batteries. Below is a list of nations that played a role in the Vietnam War, and details on what motivated them to get involved. On 2 July 1976, North and South Vietnam were merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. South Vietnam is supported by what country. Sovfoto/Universal Images Group/Getty Images. He explains that they were partially motivated by a sense of obligation and ideological sympathy: After all, they could not help but notice the historical parallels between themselves and South Vietnam. The United States involvement in Vietnam began in 1950, during the French Indochina War. Yet, as Moise points out, they both learned one important lesson: “It’s dangerous to get in a fight when the other side cares about winning more than you do.”. Oct. 15, 1969: The first Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, a series of … “The Koreans sent more troops and much more aggressive troops [than other U.S. allies],” Moise says. List of wars involving Vietnam. At first, the U.S. operated behind the scenes, but after 1964, sent combat troops and became more deeply mired in the war. Bombs ready to be loaded onto a French aircraft for the long drawn out Dien Bien Phu Battle of the Indochina War on April 10, 1954. As the Pentagon Papers later revealed, “the Diem regime certainly, and an independent South Vietnam almost as certainly, could not have survived” without U.S. help. The War was mainly fought in South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Eventually, the conflict would grow to a global scale, and the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire would fight against Great Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Italy, Japan and Romania (the Allied Powers). In the aftermath of the World War II, the Soviet Union paid little attention to the communist movement (Viet Minh) in Vietnam who was largely outside Moscow’s sphere of influence. Following France’s defeat in the First Indochina War, an international agreement divided Vietnam in two. Most Vietnamese, however, opposed colonial rule, and a rebellion broke out led by communist and pro-independence leader Ho Chi Minh. Following the victory over the south in 1975, the unified Vietnam waged a four year war against Cambodia. By the time American forces finally withdrew in 1973, about 2.7 million U.S. soldiers had served in Vietnam, more than 58,000 had died, and the nation had racked up a staggering bill of at least $111 billion (plus billions more in non-military costs). But perhaps their biggest role was preemptive: They made it clear that if U.S. ground troops invaded North Vietnam, then they would respond in kind. Not wanting to be seen as going it alone, the Johnson administration pressured other countries to join in the Vietnam War, much as George W. Bush would later form a “coalition of the willing” to fight in the Iraq War. USA. Vietnam became a subject of large-scale news coverage in the United States only after substantial numbers of U.S. combat troops had been committed to the war in the spring of 1965. “Their function is as a tripwire,” Moise says, “a warning to the Americans: ‘Don’t go too far… or you’ll be fighting us.’”. The Vietnam war was a civil war involving what two Vietnamese. The North Vietnamese also came to dominate a communist insurgency against the royalist government of Prince Souvanna Phouma, relegating the local Laotian Communists to what Moise describes as “junior partners.”. Vietnam eventually fell completely to communism. The main countries involved in the Vietnam War were North and South Vietnam. You can see Cambodia here, Vietnam along the coast, and then, Laos, right over here. Some countries such as Cuba and Taiwan provided secret supports to their respective allies while others such as Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany although did not officially participate offered military advisors, engineers and doctors in their allies’ forces. Newly communist China had supported Ho Chi Minh during the war with the French, and continued to do so during the war with the U.S. by providing weapons, expertise and manpower. The Vietnam War was ostensibly a civil war between the communist North and pro-Western South. Vietnam Travel. Nov. 5, 1968: Nixon is elected president, promising to end the war in Vietnam. There were also members of the International Control Commission (ICC) and International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS) who albeit supposedly neutral took sides and even offered aid to them such as Poland and Canada. During the Second World War, Japan invaded the country. Though Vietnamese communists allied with the Khmer Rouge during the Vietnam War, they eventually deposed the regime in 1979. Sheehan served as a war correspondent for United Press International and then the New York Times in the early days of US involvement in the Vietnam War in the 1960s. It was fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. Similar to Beijing, Moscow who feared U.S. direct intervention in Vietnam urged Ho Chi Minh to accept the temporary division of Vietnam of the 1954 Geneva Accords and focus on building the country’s military and economy instead. The nine-year campaign was so intense that, on average, a planeload of explosives fell every eight minutes, making Laos, per capita, the most heavily bombed nation on earth. What countries involved in the Vietnam War? The American people did not feel like their government was being held accountable. The United States got involved to prevent South Vietnam from falling into communist hands. The United Kingdom (members of Allied Control Commission (ACC)), Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), Cambodia (Khmer Republic and Khmer Rouge), Republic of Vietnam ( aka South Vietnam (1955 – 1975) succeeded State of Vietnam (1949 – 1955) ). It was part of a larger regional conflict as well as a manifestation of the Cold War. It was France's attempt to reestablish its rule in Vietnam after WWII. Poster entitled "Support Vietnam People," circa 1969, showing China's support of the Communist cause in Vietnam. Vietnam - Vietnam - The two Vietnams (1954–65): The agreements concluded in Geneva between April and July 1954 (collectively called the Geneva Accords) were signed by French and Viet Minh representatives and provided for a cease-fire and temporary division of the country into two military zones at latitude 17 °N (popularly called the 17th parallel). – Part 2. The DMZ was later established and then followed by invasions, skirmishes terrorist acts and so forth until Australia and US got involved in the 1950's and then all out war followed with the other countries joining in. Countries Involved in the Vietnam War: The Vietnam War was an undeclared war fought between North and South Vietnam. At first, the United States largely operated behind the scenes. The Chinese allowed Soviet materiel across China for the North to prosecute wage the war. Meanwhile, the relationships between China and Soviet Union began to deteriorate through the 1960s. Nixon then sent troops across the border in 1970, taking advantage of a coup that ousted Sihanouk in favor of a pro-American general. As a result, the Vietnamese suffered the highest casualties in the conflict. North Korea had provided North Vietnam both political and military support including sending military advisers in the early stage of the Vietnam War due to the close Ideology between Hanoi and Pyongyang. Due to the intervention of the international community, known as Operation Desert Storm, the Gulf War was ended. Japan's involvement in the Vietnam War included the use of bases in Okinawa to use as launching points for the U.S. army. U.S. bombs killed tens of thousands of Cambodians, which, some historians contend, may have increased popular support for the Khmer Rouge, a communist insurgency group that initiated a brutal genocide upon taking power in 1975. All Rights Reserved. The first troop left for Vietnam in 1964, with large combat battalions arriving the following year. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Cold War tensions ran high as the country relentlessly fought against the alleged evils of communism. The war resulted in the victory of North Vietnam (the communists) over the South Vietnam which means U.S. Had to accept the defeat. It wanted no part of the new conflict. This was reinforced by a treaty signed during a Hanoi delegation’s visit in Beijing in July 1965 to provide Hanoi enough economic support and necessary equipment for national defense. Prior to the recognition and support, the Chinese communists and Viet Minh had been co-operating in their respective struggles during 1946-49, up until the Chinese communists won the civil war in 1949. Cambodia, while officially neutral, tolerated communist intrusions—and was bombed by the United States for those intrusions. Instead, Joseph Stalin encouraged Mao Zedong to assist North Vietnam, which he did in the First Indochina War and through the rest of the 1950s. As a result, President Nixon ended all U.S. interventions in Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia in 1973. What Countries Involved in the Vietnam War? Besides, China also began to fund, arm and train the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia as a counterbalance to the Vietnamese communists. As the original communist state, the Soviet Union aided North Vietnam, with increasing support in the late 1960s. 1 Hồng Bàng Dynasty (2879 BC – 257 BC) 2 … However, they did not actively involved in the conflict until early 1967 after their ruling Workers Party approved the decision in October 1966. Last Updated on During the war with the United States, Giáp would retain his position as one of the chief military commanders in North Vietnam, overseeing the communist insurgency in the South and the activities of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces of the North, though these two were admittedly intertwined. Vietnam War Countries Involved View: More Articles from . Though it originally took little interest in the Vietnam War, the Soviet Union secretly ramped up its aid to North Vietnam following Nikita Khrushchev’s fall from power. North Vietnam was backed by communist forces … Brutal tactics were the norm during the Vietnam War, and no one suffered more than the Vietnamese themselves, both in the North and the South. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. © 2012-2021 The Vietnam War. However, the US started direct military action in Vietnam in 1964 until 1973. Winston Churchill, and later Harold Wilson, may be thought of as having kept Britain out of Vietnam, but in actual fact, that was only once it had begun to escalate.. Donate or volunteer today! In the end, almost 60,000 Australians served (521 of whom died), about 40,000 Thais served (321 of whom died), and over 3,000 New Zealanders served (37 of whom died). North Vietnam was backed by the communist allies which included People’s Republic of China, Soviet Union, Pathet Lao (Laotian Communist insurgents), Khmer Rouge (Cambodian Communist insurgents) and North Korea. In fact, French President Charles de Gaulle warned his U.S. counterpart, John F. Kennedy Jr., that Vietnam would be a “bottomless military and political swamp.” Though prescient, the advice ultimately went unheeded. July 1954: At a conference in Geneva, world … North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China and North Korea, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. Chinese troops in North Vietnam would eventually withdraw, for the most part, by 1970. North Vietnam is supported by what two countries. WHAT COUNTRIES WERE INVOLVED IN THE VIETNAM WAR? South Vietnam was backed by anti-communist countries and members of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) which included the United States, South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic (later overthrown by Khmer Rouge), Kingdom of Laos and Republic of China (Taiwan). In total, there were at least 21 countries* reported to get involved in the entire wars in Vietnam – from the First Indochina war (December 19, 1946 – August 1, 1954) to the Vietnam war (the Second Indochina war) (November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975): * Most of the communist allies hardly disclose any details of their activities during the conflict although their involvement in Vietnam was apparent. By 1975, when North Vietnamese troops took Saigon and reunified the nation under communist rule, an estimated 1 million to 3 million Vietnamese had perished, many of them civilians. jaguar & land rover. France had been a long-time occupier of Vietnam before 1954. This is the currently selected item. The Vietnam War (also known as Second Indochina War or American War in Vietnam) lasted from 1 November 1955–30 April 1975, (19 years, 5 months, 4 weeks and 1 day).It was fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam.North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China and North Korea, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New … In 1971, the Pentagon Papers were leaked, revealing confidential information about the war. And France stayed the colonizing power-- I have a little gap in my timeline here-- and they stayed a colonizing power all the way through World War II. All of these countries were on the anti-communist force. China continued to provide military aid and support to North Vietnam years after the first Indochina war. Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam that is located in the north of the country. South Korea South Korea, after the US, had the largest contingent of soldiers in South Vietnam. North Vietnam immediately broke the accord, however, moving troops and supplies through Laos rather than traversing the heavily guarded demilitarized zone that separated it from South Vietnam. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. However, in the years following the war, a vast number of South Vietnamese were sent to re-education campswhere many endured torture, starvation, and disease while being forced to p… After a while, “no one thinks they’re going to win,” says James McAllister, a political science professor at Williams College, “but they’re damn sure a loss is not going to take place under their watch.”, READ MORE: How the Vietnam War Ratcheted Up Under 5 US Presidents. The US first used napalm during World War II in both the European and Pacific theaters, and also deployed it during the Korean War.However, those instances are dwarfed by American use of napalm in the Vietnam War, where the US dropped almost 400,000 tons of napalm bombs in the decade between 1963 and 1973. The Vietnam War served as a proxy war … in 1968. Causes of the Vietnam war. The 1988 book won the Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction. Nonetheless, during 1972 – 1975, China continued to provide the sinews of modern war that would enable NVA to launch two modern and large-scale offensives against South Vietnam in both 1972 and 1975 which eventually ended the Vietnam War. Since 1965, China also began to send AAA divisions and engineering units to help Hanoi counter U.S. overwhelming air strikes during Operation Rolling Thunder, repair the destruction caused by American bombing as well as rebuild roads, railroads and defend critical infrastructure in the North. The death of Stalin in March 1953 and the stabilization of events in Europe drew Moscow’s attention back to Southeast Asia. His account of the Vietnam War, A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann And America In Vietnam, took him 15 years to write. They were seeking to strengthen their ties with France and help stop the spread of communism. Among other weapons, the USSR provided surface-to-air missiles that the Chinese weren’t yet technologically capable of producing. In the same year, they also sent weapons and military advisors to assist the viet Minh in their war against the French. The Soviets wanted to “make life difficult for the United States,” McAllister says, “but they didn’t want to do it in a way that got them in a conflict with the United States.”, Soviet involvement in the war increased in the late 1960s, just as China’s influence was lessening. In response to these North Vietnamese transgressions, the Americans covertly rained down billions of pounds of bombs on Laos. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The student movement and the antiwar movement. The Vietnam War was fought between communist North Vietnam and the government of Southern Vietnam. Nonetheless, “if there had been no Chinese or Soviet support, the North Vietnamese could not have won,” he says, pointing out that the U.S. military budget was roughly 30 times greater than the entire gross national product of North Vietnam. Vietnam eventually fell completely to communism. How the Vietnam War Ratcheted Up Under 5 US Presidents. The main countries involved in Vietnam included North Vietnam, South Vietnam, United States of America, Peoples Republic of China, South Korea and USSR. Moscow now became North Vietnam’s main benefactor, increasing its aid to Hanoi in response to the US military escalation of 1965. While nearly 60,000 Americans lost their lives in the … As a result, President Nixon ended all U.S. interventions in Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia in 1973. Laos was originally neutral in the conflict, but the North Vietnamese moved troops through the country and supported a communist insurgency. Impact of the Gulf War. The countries involved in Vietnam were Republic of Vietnam, United States, Republic of Korea, Australia, Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic, and Kingdom of Laos. The South was supported by anti-communist countries, primarily the United States. An approximately 1,000 Chinese were killed in North Vietnam in the late 1960s. May 7, 1954: Ho Chi Minh’s Viet Minh forces defeat the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, effectively ending the 7 ½-year Indochina War. Although Moscow belatedly recognized Ho’s government in January 1950, they rejected his request to back North Vietnamese movement for independence against the French. The Philippines, Taiwan and Spain likewise aided the U.S. war effort, whereas on the communist side North Korea and Cuba purportedly sent token support. Republic of Vietnam (1950 "State of Vietnam, AKA South Vietnam) Yet their support for South Vietnam never wavered, no matter who occupied the White House. Vietnam War (1954–75), conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The Chinese interpreted American “aggression” against North Vietnam after the Gulf of Tonkin incident as their own and threatened to militarily intervene in North Vietnam if American forces crossed the DMZ. Overall, though, they pumped only about 3,000 troops into the conflict, far fewer than the Chinese. Also known as the Second Indochina War or simply the American War to the Vietnamese, the epic struggle claimed the lives of more than 2 million people, including some 60,000 U.S. personnel and more than a million civilians. “The French had controlled Vietnam for a couple of generations,” explains Ed Moise, a professor of history at Clemson University and author of Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War (1955–75) was a time of great controversy in the United States. The Vietnam War is still going on in Vietnam. That insurgency drew heavy U.S. bombing. The CIA-sponsored "Secret Army" of Major Gen. Vang Pao at Long Cheng, where the U. S. and Laotian governments permitted newsmen a rare glimpse of the base in 1972. Since the 19 th century, Vietnam had been under colonial rule. Since then, China played a decreasing and more passive role in helping their former close allies. Instead, a communist insurgency broke out, pitting the so-called Viet Cong, who were sponsored by North Vietnam, against Diem’s forces. The Soviets even allegedly shot down some U.S. planes. Unsurprisingly, the North Vietnamese likewise moved troops and supplies through neighboring Cambodia, which, though officially neutral, tolerated the communist intrusions. In 1964, however, the so-called Gulf of Tonkin incident prompted President Lyndon B. Johnson to commit combat troops and launch a massive bombing campaign, and U.S. involvement only deepened from there. Despite the tensions, both Beijing and Moscow shared the same view on the conflict in Vietnam. (The two countries were undergoing a bitter split at the time.). Unlike during the Korean War, the United States yielded to this threat. Determined to prevent South Vietnam from falling into communist hands, the United States propped up Diem with billions of dollars in aid, as well as increasing numbers of military advisers. However, it’s worth noticing that after China’s ally Khmer Rouge conducted some savage raids along the border between Vietnam and Cambodia during 1975–1978 and Vietnam responded with an invasion that overthrew them, China decided to launch a brief, punitive border invasion of Vietnam in 1979 sometimes known as the Third Indochina War to “teach them a lesson”. At first, the U.S. operated behind the scenes, but after 1964, sent combat troops and became more deeply mired in the war.Following France’s defeat in the First Indochina War, an international agreement divided Vietnam in two. However, they were also being paid off by the United States in the form of economic and military assistance. THE WAR IN VIETNAM was one of the 20 th Century’s most intractable conflicts. Yet, no matter what they tried, the Americans never succeeded in seriously disrupting North Vietnamese supply lines, nor did they prevent the fall of Laos to the communists in 1975. The Vietnam War. Meanwhile, President Richard Nixon authorized a cross-border invasion of Laos in 1971. In 1954, Ho’s forces won a decisive victory at Dien Bien Phu and succeeded in evicting the French once and for all. The French and American experiences in Vietnam differed in many respects. There were 6 Free World nations and 2 communist allies that officially sent men and material support to South and North Vietnam respectively. ... China China's interests in the Vietnam War began in the late 1940's when the communists managed to gain control. While South Korea sent a total of 313,000 soldiers between 1965 and 1973 to South Vietnam, North Korea only sent in a fighter squadron to North Vietnam in early 1967 to back up their air defenses in the city of Hanoi. China and the Soviet Union didn’t have to do as much as the Americans, Moise explains, because they were buttressing the stronger side. All rights reserved. Japan mostly served as the repair facilities for U.S. tanks and ships China's interest in Vietnam began in the 1940's when communism began to take control. Unexploded munitions from the Vietnam War-era continue to kill Laotians (and Vietnamese and Cambodians) to this day. Saigon is the city located in South Vietnam that resides next to Ho Chi Ming City. The main countries involved in the Vietnam War were South Vietnam and North Vietnam.South Vietnam was backed by anti-communist countries and members of the South East Asia Treaty Organization which included the United States, South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic, Kingdom of Laos and Republic of China. By 1972, the idea that Vietnam posed a threat to Cold War America was so discredited, it sometimes sounded as if America’s only remaining war aim was to … This was the belief that if one country fell to communism, it was likely that the … How eight countries got bogged down in the Vietnam War's Cold War proxy battle. The United States responded with a secret bombing campaign that Nixon drastically ramped up in 1969. To conclude, China played an active and crucial role in supporting their communist ally in the Vietnam war the with more than 320,000 Chinese troops stationed in North Vietnam between 1965 and 1971, peaking in 1967 with around 170,000 Chinese in the DRV. Despite speculation that the victorious North Vietnamese would, in President Nixon's words, "massacre the civilians there [South Vietnam] by the millions," there is a widespread consensus that no mass executions took place. Therefore, their roles and involvement remain unclear. 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